Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), also known as diabetes or blood sugar disease is a type of chronic disease characterized by elevated levels of sugar in the blood as a result of disturbances in the body's metabolic system, where the organ pancreas unable to produce insulin the body needs.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that is responsible for controlling the amount / blood sugar levels and insulin needs to change (processed) carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy the human body. Function of the hormone insulin lowers blood sugar levels.
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
Early signs that can be seen that a person suffering from diabetes or diabetes that can be seen directly from the effect of increasing blood sugar levels, which increase blood sugar levels reach a value of 160-180 mg / dL and urine (urine) diabetic containing sugar (glucose ), so the urine is often surrounded by ants.

People with diabetes generally show signs and symptoms below, although not all be experienced by the patient:
A. The amount of urine released more (Polyuria)2. Often or quickly feeling hungry / thirsty (Polydipsia)3. Excessive hunger or eating a lot (polyphagia)4. Increased frequency of urine / urine kept (glycosuria)5. Losing weight is not clear why6. Tingling / numbness in the nerve endings in the hands & feet ditelapak7. Tired and weak all the time8. Experienced myopic vision suddenly9. If the wound / etched (korengan) slow healing10.Mudah especially infections of the skin.
The condition of sugar content of the drastic decline will rapidly cause a person is unconscious even entered the stage of coma. Symptoms of diabetes can develop rapidly over time in a matter of weeks or months, especially in a child who suffered from diabetes mellitus type 1.
Another case in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, they generally do not experience the symptoms above. In fact they may not know has suffered from diabetes.
Type of Diabetes Mellitus
A. Diabetes mellitus type 1Type 1 diabetes is insulin-dependent diabetes where the body lacks the hormone insulin, known as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM). This is due to the loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the islands of Langerhans of the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes is usually found in infants, children and adolescents.
Until recently, type 1 Diabetes Mellitus can only be treated by administering insulin therapy is conducted continuously ongoing. Family history, diet and environmental factors influenced the treatment of type 1 diabetes. In patients with type 1 diebetes be considered controlling and monitoring blood sugar levels, you should use a blood sugar test. Especially in children or toddlers where they are very easy to become dehydrated, vomiting and often prone to various diseases.
2. Diabetes mellitus type 2Type 2 diabetes is where the hormone insulin in the body can not function properly, known as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). This is because the various possibilities such as defects in insulin production, insulin resistance or reduced sensitivity (responsiveness) and sell the body tissues to insulin which is characterized by increased levels of insulin in the blood.
There are several theories that express cause of insulin resistance, including obesity factors (obesity). In patients with type 2 diabetes, controlling blood sugar levels can be done by some measures such as diet, weight loss, and the provision of diabetic tablets. If the provision is not maximized tablet treatment response in blood sugar levels, then injecting the drug began to be considered.
In the Blood Sugar Levels
Normal blood sugar levels ranged from 70-150 mg / dL {millimoles / liter (United Kingdom unit)} or 4-8 mmol / l {milligrams / deciliter (per unit United State)}, where 1 mmol / l = 18 mg / dl.
However, of course sugar levels increase after a meal and decreased at a time when early morning waking. Someone said to hyperglycemia when blood sugar levels are well above normal values, whereas hypoglycemia is a condition where a person has decreased the value of sugar in the blood below normal.
Diabetes Diagnosis can be established if the results of the fasting blood sugar level reaches 126 mg / dl or more, and checking blood sugar 2 hours after fasting (at least 8 hours) to reach level 180 mg / dl. While blood sugar checks are done at random (subject) can help diagnose diabetes if the blood sugar levels reach levels between 140 mg / dL and 200 mg / dL, even more so when he was over 200 mg / dl.
Many blood sugar test is currently traded and can be purchased in many retail outlets or pharmacies medical devices such as Accu-Chek, BCJ Group, Accurate, OneTouch UltraEasy machine. For patients diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus, it's good for them if they can afford to buy it.
Diabetes Treatment and Handling
People with type 1 diabetes is generally the treatment of insulin therapy (Lantus / Levemir, Humalog, Novolog or Apidra) is continuous, but it is by exercising moderation and controlling diet (diet).
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, medication management and treatment focuses on lifestyle and physical activity. Controlling the blood sugar levels is the key to treatment programs, by reducing the weight, diet, and exercise. If this does not achieve the expected results, then the tablet drug delivery will be required. Even the co-administration of insulin injections required if the tablet does not address the control of blood sugar levels.