Angkor was the capital of Khmer Empire in the long period from the 9th century until the 15th century AD. Angkor term comes from the Sanskrit nagara (नगर), which means "country". Angkor period began in 802 when the Khmer Hindu king Jayawarman II crowned himself as the "ruler of the universe" and "god-king", and this period lasted until 1431, when the Khmer capital of Ayutthaya raided, and urged his people to flee south to Phnom Penh area .
The ruins of Angkor are located in forest and agricultural land that stretches between the Tonle Sap Great Lake in the south and hills in the northern Kulen. The site is located near the town of Siem Reap (13 ° 24'LU, 103 ° 51'BT), Cambodia now, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temples at Angkor Wat, is now largely been restored, is part of the example of Khmer architecture. Number of visitors to this place about a million per year.Angkor viewed from space.
In 2007, an international team using satellite imagery concluded that Angkor was the largest preindustrial city in the world, with a complex infrastructure system that connects the residential area of 1000 square kilometers to the center of town where the establishment of the great temples. Pre-industrial city is the other largest cities in Guatemala Tikal, which is between 100 and 150 square kilometers. Although the estimated population of Angkor city is still a subject of research and debate topics, the latest research shows that Angkor farming systems that can efficiently support the food needs of up to one million inhabitants.
Angkor period began shortly after the year 800 AD, when the Khmer king Jayawarman II declared independence Kambujadesa (Cambodia) from Java and build a new capital in Hariharalaya (now Roluos) at the north end of Lake Tonle Sap. By launching a military expedition, communion, marriage and the bestowal of land, he managed to unite the country which borders China (north), Champa (currently central Vietnam, in the east), sea (south) and the areas mentioned by the inscription as "ground cardamom and mangoes "(to the west). In 802, Jayavarman declare his new status as a "ruler of the universe" (chakrawartin), then associate himself with the worship of Shiva is imitated by the kings his successors, by taking the title of "god-king". Before the era of Jayavarman, Cambodia consists of several independent kingdoms in the unity called by the Chinese as Funan and Chenla state.Gate of Angkor Thom
At 889 M, King Yasowarman I took the throne. This great king renowned as a great builder. Hariharalaya near the old capital, Yasowarman cmembangun new town called Yasodharapura. By tradition its predecessor, he built a large water storage pond called baray. Meaning or construction of water storage reservoirs has been debated for modern scientists, some regard it as a rice farm irrigation infrastructure, while others regard it as a large pool of religious symbol that represents a big ocean in Hindu mythology that surrounds the mountain Mahameru, where dwell the gods. Symbolized by the mountain towering temple, where the "god-king" is symbolized by a phallus. Based on the symbolism of this universe, Yasowarman build the temple on a hill called Phnom Bakheng, which is surrounded by a ditch where the water flowed from baray. He also built several Hindu temples and dormitories as the residence of Brahmin ascetics.
For over 300 years, the period 900 to 1200, Khmer Empire built the world's architectural masterpieces in the Angkor region. Most of these buildings meet the area of 24 kilometers stretching east to west and 8 kilometers north to south, although the Angkor Archaeological Park also includes the more distant sites such as Kbal Spean is located approximately 48 kilometers to the north. Approximately 72 major temples and other buildings located in this region, including small temples scattered farther away. Because of widespread, low plains, and the settlement pattern of Khmer, Angkor has no formal boundaries are clear, it is difficult to estimate the exact area .. Nevertheless, the specific area of about 1,000 km ². Behind the main temple there is a complex system of infrastructure, including roads and canals which show high linkage and integration between the suburbs to downtown. In terms of spatial area, Angkor became the largest combined urban area before the Industrial Revolution, easily surpassed the city of Tikal in the area of urban civilization Maya.Dalam, Angkor even close to the size of the modern city of Los Angeles, and said to be size 17 times larger than Manhattan island .
Angkor Wat is one of the main temples in Angkor, built between 1113 and 1150 on the orders of the king Suryawarman II. Suryawarman ascended the throne after defeating his rival prince. An inscription records that Suryawarman win the war by jumping into the back of the enemy war elephants kill enemies at once, like a hydra kill Garuda.
After consolidating his political position through military attacks, diplomacy, and domestic administration of the firm, Suryawarman began construction of Angkor Wat as well as his personal temple shrine and the tomb where he is glorified. He cut off the tradition of previous Khmer kings who prefer Shiva by turning on the rise as the Vaishnava stream flow is more glory to Vishnu in India. He dedicated this temple to Vishnu Vishnuloka calling, and not to Shiva. With walls nearly the length of 2.4 kilometers on each side, Angkor Wat proudly describes Hindu cosmology, the main towers symbolize Mount Meru, the dwelling place of the gods; outer wall represents the mountains that encircle the world; large moat symbolizes the ocean. Traditional theme is to identify the god-king of Cambodia with Hindu gods, and his residence is the kingdom of heaven (swargaloka) are visible from any embodiment and symbol of this great temple. The size of this temple itself has a cosmological significance that symbolizes the universe. Suryawarman ordered the temple walls are decorated with bas reliefs showing scenes in addition to the mythology, as well as scenes of daily life in the royal palace. One of the scenes depict the king in a large sitting cross-legged on a high throne of the kingdom was leading the meeting, while the maids and attendants fanning.
Jayavarman VIIJayavarman VII statue on display in the embodiment of the Musee Guimet, ParisAfter the death of King Suryavarman around 1150 AD, the kingdom fell into chaos and power struggles within the country. Neighboring country, Champa in the east (now South Vietnam) take advantage of this situation in 1177 by launching an attack by sea and across the Mekong River into the Tonle Sap Lake. Champa army conquered the capital of the Khmer Yasodharapura and killed the king in power. However, a Khmer prince who later became king of his people gather Jayawarman VII and Champa army repelled the lake and on land. In 1181, Jayavarman ascended the throne. He later became king of Khmer Angkor's greatest. On the ruins of the city Yasodharapura, Jayawarman built the fortified city of Angkor Thom, the spiritual center that is equipped with the Bayon temple. Bas-reliefs at the Bayon depict not only the scene of the battle the king's conquest of Champa, but also various scenes of daily life of Khmer people, both ordinary people living in the countryside, or the life of nobles in the palace.
In addition, Jayawarman build other famous temples, Ta Prohm and Preah namely Khan, offered to both parents Jayawarman VII. Massive construction project is in conjunction with the royal conversion from Hinduism to Mahayana Buddhism, plus Jayavarman himself embraced Buddhism Mahayana. In the reign of Jayavarman VII, Hindu temples converted to a Buddhist temple by adding a statue of Buddha in the temple, Angkor Wat temporarily converted to a Buddhist temple. After the death of Jayavarman VII, resurgent Hindu religion, and the emerging movement to restore the authority of the Hindu religion by the action of the massive damage and restore function buddha statues of Hindu temples, the movement lasted until the 14th century when the flow of Theravada Buddhism became the dominant religion in Cambodia.
Year 1296 marked the arrival of Chinese ambassador Zhou Daguan to Angkor. Zhou's visit for a year in the capital of Khmer took place during the reign of Indravarman III. Note Zhou Daguan has significance for the history, because in a 40 page notebook he recorded in detail the customs of Cambodia's Khmer society based on his observations. Among other records related to religious, judicial system, empire, agriculture, slavery, various birds, vegetables, bathing habits, clothing, equipment, and utilization of animal husbandry, and trade. In his notes he described a royal procession in the form of a convoy of soldiers, numerous servant women and concubines, ministers and princes, and concludes "the Maharaja standing on top of an elephant by grasping the sacred sword in his hand." Together with various inscriptions Angkor, temples, monuments, and bas-reliefs at the Bayon, notes Zhou is one important source of information about daily life in Angkor. Filled with anecdotes of real and profound observation of the Zhou civilization is regarded as a colorful and exotic civilizations, as well as an attractive travel memoir.The king who reigned at AngkorAngkor is the administrative center of the Khmer in Cambodia, the following is a list of the kings who reigned at Angkor:
Jayawarman II (802-850)
Jayawarman III (850-877)
Indrawarman I (877-889)
Yasowarman I (889-900)
Jayawarman IV (928-942)
Rajendrawarman (944-968)
Jayawarman V (968-1001)
Suryawarman I (1002-1050)
Udayadityawarman II (1050-1066)
Harshawarman III (1066-1080)
Draranindrawarman I (1107-1113)
Suryawarman II (1113-1150)
Dharanindrawarman II (1150-1156)
Yasowarman II (1156-1165)
Tribhuwanidityawarman (1165-1177)
Champa Attacks: 1177-1181
Jayawarman VII (1181-1218)
Indrawarman II (1218-1243)
Jayawarman VIII (1243-1295)
Indrawarman III (1295-1307)
Srei Jayawarman (1307-1327)
Jayavarman IX (1327-1336)
Trosok Peam (1336-1340)
Nippean Bat (1340-1346)
Lompong Racha (1346-1351)
Siam attacks: 1352-1357
Soryavong (1357-1363)
Borom Reachea I (1363-1373)
Thomma Saok (1373-1393)
Siam attack: 1393
Barom Reachea II (1393-1463)
At 889 M, King Yasowarman I took the throne. This great king renowned as a great builder. Hariharalaya near the old capital, Yasowarman cmembangun new town called Yasodharapura. By tradition its predecessor, he built a large water storage pond called baray. Meaning or construction of water storage reservoirs has been debated for modern scientists, some regard it as a rice farm irrigation infrastructure, while others regard it as a large pool of religious symbol that represents a big ocean in Hindu mythology that surrounds the mountain Mahameru, where dwell the gods. Symbolized by the mountain towering temple, where the "god-king" is symbolized by a phallus. Based on the symbolism of this universe, Yasowarman build the temple on a hill called Phnom Bakheng, which is surrounded by a ditch where the water flowed from baray. He also built several Hindu temples and dormitories as the residence of Brahmin ascetics.
For over 300 years, the period 900 to 1200, Khmer Empire built the world's architectural masterpieces in the Angkor region. Most of these buildings meet the area of 24 kilometers stretching east to west and 8 kilometers north to south, although the Angkor Archaeological Park also includes the more distant sites such as Kbal Spean is located approximately 48 kilometers to the north. Approximately 72 major temples and other buildings located in this region, including small temples scattered farther away. Because of widespread, low plains, and the settlement pattern of Khmer, Angkor has no formal boundaries are clear, it is difficult to estimate the exact area .. Nevertheless, the specific area of about 1,000 km ². Behind the main temple there is a complex system of infrastructure, including roads and canals which show high linkage and integration between the suburbs to downtown. In terms of spatial area, Angkor became the largest combined urban area before the Industrial Revolution, easily surpassed the city of Tikal in the area of urban civilization Maya.Dalam, Angkor even close to the size of the modern city of Los Angeles, and said to be size 17 times larger than Manhattan island .
Angkor Wat is one of the main temples in Angkor, built between 1113 and 1150 on the orders of the king Suryawarman II. Suryawarman ascended the throne after defeating his rival prince. An inscription records that Suryawarman win the war by jumping into the back of the enemy war elephants kill enemies at once, like a hydra kill Garuda.
After consolidating his political position through military attacks, diplomacy, and domestic administration of the firm, Suryawarman began construction of Angkor Wat as well as his personal temple shrine and the tomb where he is glorified. He cut off the tradition of previous Khmer kings who prefer Shiva by turning on the rise as the Vaishnava stream flow is more glory to Vishnu in India. He dedicated this temple to Vishnu Vishnuloka calling, and not to Shiva. With walls nearly the length of 2.4 kilometers on each side, Angkor Wat proudly describes Hindu cosmology, the main towers symbolize Mount Meru, the dwelling place of the gods; outer wall represents the mountains that encircle the world; large moat symbolizes the ocean. Traditional theme is to identify the god-king of Cambodia with Hindu gods, and his residence is the kingdom of heaven (swargaloka) are visible from any embodiment and symbol of this great temple. The size of this temple itself has a cosmological significance that symbolizes the universe. Suryawarman ordered the temple walls are decorated with bas reliefs showing scenes in addition to the mythology, as well as scenes of daily life in the royal palace. One of the scenes depict the king in a large sitting cross-legged on a high throne of the kingdom was leading the meeting, while the maids and attendants fanning.
Jayavarman VIIJayavarman VII statue on display in the embodiment of the Musee Guimet, ParisAfter the death of King Suryavarman around 1150 AD, the kingdom fell into chaos and power struggles within the country. Neighboring country, Champa in the east (now South Vietnam) take advantage of this situation in 1177 by launching an attack by sea and across the Mekong River into the Tonle Sap Lake. Champa army conquered the capital of the Khmer Yasodharapura and killed the king in power. However, a Khmer prince who later became king of his people gather Jayawarman VII and Champa army repelled the lake and on land. In 1181, Jayavarman ascended the throne. He later became king of Khmer Angkor's greatest. On the ruins of the city Yasodharapura, Jayawarman built the fortified city of Angkor Thom, the spiritual center that is equipped with the Bayon temple. Bas-reliefs at the Bayon depict not only the scene of the battle the king's conquest of Champa, but also various scenes of daily life of Khmer people, both ordinary people living in the countryside, or the life of nobles in the palace.
In addition, Jayawarman build other famous temples, Ta Prohm and Preah namely Khan, offered to both parents Jayawarman VII. Massive construction project is in conjunction with the royal conversion from Hinduism to Mahayana Buddhism, plus Jayavarman himself embraced Buddhism Mahayana. In the reign of Jayavarman VII, Hindu temples converted to a Buddhist temple by adding a statue of Buddha in the temple, Angkor Wat temporarily converted to a Buddhist temple. After the death of Jayavarman VII, resurgent Hindu religion, and the emerging movement to restore the authority of the Hindu religion by the action of the massive damage and restore function buddha statues of Hindu temples, the movement lasted until the 14th century when the flow of Theravada Buddhism became the dominant religion in Cambodia.
Year 1296 marked the arrival of Chinese ambassador Zhou Daguan to Angkor. Zhou's visit for a year in the capital of Khmer took place during the reign of Indravarman III. Note Zhou Daguan has significance for the history, because in a 40 page notebook he recorded in detail the customs of Cambodia's Khmer society based on his observations. Among other records related to religious, judicial system, empire, agriculture, slavery, various birds, vegetables, bathing habits, clothing, equipment, and utilization of animal husbandry, and trade. In his notes he described a royal procession in the form of a convoy of soldiers, numerous servant women and concubines, ministers and princes, and concludes "the Maharaja standing on top of an elephant by grasping the sacred sword in his hand." Together with various inscriptions Angkor, temples, monuments, and bas-reliefs at the Bayon, notes Zhou is one important source of information about daily life in Angkor. Filled with anecdotes of real and profound observation of the Zhou civilization is regarded as a colorful and exotic civilizations, as well as an attractive travel memoir.The king who reigned at AngkorAngkor is the administrative center of the Khmer in Cambodia, the following is a list of the kings who reigned at Angkor:
Jayawarman II (802-850)
Jayawarman III (850-877)
Indrawarman I (877-889)
Yasowarman I (889-900)
Jayawarman IV (928-942)
Rajendrawarman (944-968)
Jayawarman V (968-1001)
Suryawarman I (1002-1050)
Udayadityawarman II (1050-1066)
Harshawarman III (1066-1080)
Draranindrawarman I (1107-1113)
Suryawarman II (1113-1150)
Dharanindrawarman II (1150-1156)
Yasowarman II (1156-1165)
Tribhuwanidityawarman (1165-1177)
Champa Attacks: 1177-1181
Jayawarman VII (1181-1218)
Indrawarman II (1218-1243)
Jayawarman VIII (1243-1295)
Indrawarman III (1295-1307)
Srei Jayawarman (1307-1327)
Jayavarman IX (1327-1336)
Trosok Peam (1336-1340)
Nippean Bat (1340-1346)
Lompong Racha (1346-1351)
Siam attacks: 1352-1357
Soryavong (1357-1363)
Borom Reachea I (1363-1373)
Thomma Saok (1373-1393)
Siam attack: 1393
Barom Reachea II (1393-1463)
Expiration of the period of Angkor
Angkor period expected to end in 1431, the year when conquered and sacked Angkor by Ayutthaya. Although the actual Angkor civilization has begun to decline in the 13th century and into the 14th century. In the 15th century, almost all parts of the city of Angkor abandoned, except for Angkor Wat temple has been converted to Buddhism. several theories attempt to explain the cause of the collapse and abandonment of Angkor:War with the Kingdom of AyutthayaEmpire Khmer Empire in 900 AD
It was widely believed that the Khmer capital abandonment is a result of the invasion of Ayutthaya. A prolonged war with Siam has been draining the nation since the days of Angkor Zhou Daguan towards the end of the 13th century BC. In the account of the journey, Zhou reported the kingdom suffered from the war, so that all the people involved are obliged to defend the country. After the collapse of Angkor in 1431, many people (artists, dancers, engineers), manuscripts, and the system of institutions brought Angkor to the capital Ayutthaya in the west, while others fled to the new Khmer capital in Longvek deep South, although later the mother Khmer city re-moved, first to Oudong approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) from Phnom Penh in Ponhea Leu district, before finally occupying the city of Phnom Penh.The decline of the royal religion
Some historians link the decline of Angkor as a result of the conversion of Cambodia to Theravada Buddhism Hinduism hug after government Jayawarman VII. This opinion is based on that stereotyping is damaging the system and the authority of Hindu Dewaraja causing the collapse of the Angkor civilization. According to historian George Coedes Angkor researchers, Theravada Buddhism denies the true nature of the physical world, thus undermining the spirit of the cult of personal character or a king who had underlying the construction of the great monuments of Angkor temples.Abandoned public works
According to George Coedes, the weakening of Angkor's royal government due to the protracted war and the decline of the cult dewaraja thus undermining the ability and authority of the empire to manage and deploy their people in public works, such as construction and maintenance of water channels that are important to irrigated fields, where the amount of Angkor many were highly dependent on rice farming. Angkor civilization consequently suffered economic decline and the people forced to migrate and spread to other places.
Reliefs at Angkor Wat
Other historians attempt to link between the decline of Angkor and the decrease in the number of people with alleged hypotheses of natural disasters and disease outbreaks, for example Pes bubo, earthquake, flood, or a drastic climate change as a cause of environmental destruction. Australia most current research archaeologists theorized that the decline of Angkor civilization due to drought and warm periods of the mid-to small ice age. LDEO research dendrokronologi state tree ring chronology indicates periods of severe drought across mainland Southeast Asia at the beginning of the 15th century, raising suspicion that the network of drainage canals and water storage lakes dried Angkor.Restoration, preservation, and the threatMany scientists believe that most of the city and the temple city of Angkor overgrown jungle until the end of the 19th century, when French archaeologists began the process of restoration. From 1907 to the 1970 restoration project carried out over the direction and management of the École française d'Extreme-Orient, by cutting down large trees, repairing the foundation of the building, and installing drainage systems to protect buildings from water damage. In addition, scientists and archaeologists associated institutions, including George Coedes, Maurice Glaize, Paul Mus, Philippe Stern and others, started his historical scholarship program to examine and interpret historical evidence to understand the true history of Angkor.The ruins of the temple of Preah Khan
Restoration project was stopped due to Cambodian Civil War. Since 1993 the restoration project began back with the help of French, Japanese and UNESCO through international coordination committee to maintain and develop the historic site of Angkor (International Co-ordinating Committee / ICC), while from the Cambodian authorities competent institution is the protection and management of the Angkor region and Siem Reap (Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap / APSARA), created in 1995. Some temples are carefully dismantled stone one by one to be restructured with a concrete foundation, according to the method anastilosis. World Monuments Fund has funded the restoration of Preah Khan, Samudramanthana reliefs depicting stirring milk ocean by gods and asuras (bas-relief along the 49 meters at Angkor Wat), as well as the temple of Ta Som and Phnom Bakheng. International tourist visiting Angkor has increased sharply in recent years is the number of tourists reached 900,000 people in 2006; this adds a new problem for conservation, but also a source of new funding for the restoration and preservation efforts of Angkor.
Exploitation of ground waterWith the growing tourism in the Angkor maranya, various hotels and restaurants in Siem Reap new proliferated to accommodate this rapid growth. Each development project is to drill the ground to pick up limited groundwater. Exploitation of groundwater excessive suction can damage the stability of sandy soils under the Angkor monuments. This can cause cracks, fractures, and the collapse of buildings in Angkor.
Pillage
Looting has always been a problem that continues to appear in the archaeological site of Angkor. According to the APSARA, the official body that oversees and manages Cambodia's Angkor, "vandalism have multiplied at an alarming pace, involving local people stealing artifacts, historic objects or theft involving members of the military who carry and transport the historic relics in military trucks, or a tank escorted by members of the military who sell these relics out of the Cambodian border. "
Tourism is not environmentally sound
The increasing number of tourists is estimated at three million in 2010, raises the pressure on the archaeological site of Angkor with the rocks and climb up the Angkor temples. Tourists visit this excessive drag can significantly damage the monument in the future
Angkor period expected to end in 1431, the year when conquered and sacked Angkor by Ayutthaya. Although the actual Angkor civilization has begun to decline in the 13th century and into the 14th century. In the 15th century, almost all parts of the city of Angkor abandoned, except for Angkor Wat temple has been converted to Buddhism. several theories attempt to explain the cause of the collapse and abandonment of Angkor:War with the Kingdom of AyutthayaEmpire Khmer Empire in 900 AD
It was widely believed that the Khmer capital abandonment is a result of the invasion of Ayutthaya. A prolonged war with Siam has been draining the nation since the days of Angkor Zhou Daguan towards the end of the 13th century BC. In the account of the journey, Zhou reported the kingdom suffered from the war, so that all the people involved are obliged to defend the country. After the collapse of Angkor in 1431, many people (artists, dancers, engineers), manuscripts, and the system of institutions brought Angkor to the capital Ayutthaya in the west, while others fled to the new Khmer capital in Longvek deep South, although later the mother Khmer city re-moved, first to Oudong approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) from Phnom Penh in Ponhea Leu district, before finally occupying the city of Phnom Penh.The decline of the royal religion
Some historians link the decline of Angkor as a result of the conversion of Cambodia to Theravada Buddhism Hinduism hug after government Jayawarman VII. This opinion is based on that stereotyping is damaging the system and the authority of Hindu Dewaraja causing the collapse of the Angkor civilization. According to historian George Coedes Angkor researchers, Theravada Buddhism denies the true nature of the physical world, thus undermining the spirit of the cult of personal character or a king who had underlying the construction of the great monuments of Angkor temples.Abandoned public works
According to George Coedes, the weakening of Angkor's royal government due to the protracted war and the decline of the cult dewaraja thus undermining the ability and authority of the empire to manage and deploy their people in public works, such as construction and maintenance of water channels that are important to irrigated fields, where the amount of Angkor many were highly dependent on rice farming. Angkor civilization consequently suffered economic decline and the people forced to migrate and spread to other places.
Reliefs at Angkor Wat
Other historians attempt to link between the decline of Angkor and the decrease in the number of people with alleged hypotheses of natural disasters and disease outbreaks, for example Pes bubo, earthquake, flood, or a drastic climate change as a cause of environmental destruction. Australia most current research archaeologists theorized that the decline of Angkor civilization due to drought and warm periods of the mid-to small ice age. LDEO research dendrokronologi state tree ring chronology indicates periods of severe drought across mainland Southeast Asia at the beginning of the 15th century, raising suspicion that the network of drainage canals and water storage lakes dried Angkor.Restoration, preservation, and the threatMany scientists believe that most of the city and the temple city of Angkor overgrown jungle until the end of the 19th century, when French archaeologists began the process of restoration. From 1907 to the 1970 restoration project carried out over the direction and management of the École française d'Extreme-Orient, by cutting down large trees, repairing the foundation of the building, and installing drainage systems to protect buildings from water damage. In addition, scientists and archaeologists associated institutions, including George Coedes, Maurice Glaize, Paul Mus, Philippe Stern and others, started his historical scholarship program to examine and interpret historical evidence to understand the true history of Angkor.The ruins of the temple of Preah Khan
Restoration project was stopped due to Cambodian Civil War. Since 1993 the restoration project began back with the help of French, Japanese and UNESCO through international coordination committee to maintain and develop the historic site of Angkor (International Co-ordinating Committee / ICC), while from the Cambodian authorities competent institution is the protection and management of the Angkor region and Siem Reap (Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap / APSARA), created in 1995. Some temples are carefully dismantled stone one by one to be restructured with a concrete foundation, according to the method anastilosis. World Monuments Fund has funded the restoration of Preah Khan, Samudramanthana reliefs depicting stirring milk ocean by gods and asuras (bas-relief along the 49 meters at Angkor Wat), as well as the temple of Ta Som and Phnom Bakheng. International tourist visiting Angkor has increased sharply in recent years is the number of tourists reached 900,000 people in 2006; this adds a new problem for conservation, but also a source of new funding for the restoration and preservation efforts of Angkor.
Exploitation of ground waterWith the growing tourism in the Angkor maranya, various hotels and restaurants in Siem Reap new proliferated to accommodate this rapid growth. Each development project is to drill the ground to pick up limited groundwater. Exploitation of groundwater excessive suction can damage the stability of sandy soils under the Angkor monuments. This can cause cracks, fractures, and the collapse of buildings in Angkor.
Pillage
Looting has always been a problem that continues to appear in the archaeological site of Angkor. According to the APSARA, the official body that oversees and manages Cambodia's Angkor, "vandalism have multiplied at an alarming pace, involving local people stealing artifacts, historic objects or theft involving members of the military who carry and transport the historic relics in military trucks, or a tank escorted by members of the military who sell these relics out of the Cambodian border. "
Tourism is not environmentally sound
The increasing number of tourists is estimated at three million in 2010, raises the pressure on the archaeological site of Angkor with the rocks and climb up the Angkor temples. Tourists visit this excessive drag can significantly damage the monument in the future
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